有机废气处理工艺有哪些?各种有机废气处理工艺优缺点
目前我国大气污染问题十分突出,工业废气是大气污染物的重要来源。工业废气中最难处理的是有机废气,而且有机废气通过呼吸道和皮肤进入人体后,可能给人的呼吸、血液、肝脏等系统和器官造成暂时性和永久性病变,对人体危害极大;有机废气自然环境下又难以降解,所以对它们的控制是一直以来的重点难点,有机废气处理工艺有哪些?下面,河北广绿小编就为大家介绍现在常用的有机废气处理工艺,及各工艺的优点和缺点。
有机废气的来源及性质
ZAIRANLIAO、YIYAO、TULIAO、SULIAO、GANGUANGCAILIAO、HECHENGXIANGJIAO、HUAXUEXIANWEIYIJIXUDUOSHIYOUHUAGONGCHANPINHEJIAOHUACHANPINDESHENGCHANSHIYONGGUOCHENGZHONG,DOUHUICHANSHENGDALIANGDEYOUJIFEIQI。YOUJIFEIQIZHUYAOBAOKUOGEZHONGTINGLEI、CHUNLEI、QUANLEI、SUANLEI、TONGLEIHEANLEIDENG,YIBANDOUYOUYIRANYIBAO、YOUDUYOUHAI、BURONGYUSHUI、RONGYUYOUJIRONGJIDETEXING。MUQIANWOGUOYOUJIFEIQICHULIZHUYAOCAIYONGDESHILENGNINGHUISHOUFA、YETIXISHOUFA、MOFENLIFA、ZHIJIERANSHAOFA、CUIHUARANSHAOFA、XIFUFA、XIFU-CUIHUARANSHAOFADENGDUOZHONGYUANLI。
1、冷凝回收法
机理介绍:
LENGNINGFACAIYONGDUOJILIANXULENGQUEDEFANGFA,SHIHUNHEYOUQIZHONGDETINGLEIGEZUFENDEWENDUDIYUNINGDIANCONGQITAIBIANWEIYETAI,CHUSHUIZHENGQIWAIKONGQIRENGBAOCHIQITAI,CONGERSHIXIANYOUQIYUKONGQIDEFENLI,KEHUISHOUYOUJIAZHIDEYOUJIWU。
优缺点:
QIGUANJIANBUJIANYASUOJIHEJIELIUJIGOUYIQUANBUSHIXIANBENTUHUASHENGCHAN,TOUZIHEYUNXINGCHENGBENJIAODI;BINGQIESHEBEIJIANDAN、ZIDONGHUACHENGDUGAO、WEIHUFANGBIAN、ANQUANXINGHAO、SHUCHUWEIYETAIYOUKEZHIJIELIYONGDENGYOUDIAN。DANXUYAOFUSHULENGDONGSHEBEI,XITONGLIUCHENGXIANGDUIFUZA。
适用条件:
YOUJIFEIQINONGDUGAO、WENDUDI、FENGLIANGXIAODEGONGKUANG,YOUHUISHOUJIAZHIDEYOUJIWU。
2、液体吸收法
机理介绍:
YETIXISHOUFALIYONGYETIXISHOUYEYUYOUJIFEIQIDEXIANGSIXIANGRONGXINGYUANLI。TONGCHANGWEIQIANGHUAXISHOUXIAOGUOYONGYETISHIYOULEIWUZHI、BIAOMIANHUOXINGJIHESHUIZUCHENGDEHUNHEYELAIZUOWEIXISHOUYE。FEIQIYINRUXISHOUYEJINGHUA,DAIXISHOUYEBAOHEHOUJINGJIARE、JIEXI、LENGNINGHUISHOU,KEZHONGFULIYONG。
优缺点:
XUPEIBEIJIAREJIEXIHUISHOUZHUANGZHI,SHEBEITIJIDA、TOUZIJIAOGAO。
适用条件:
BENFASHIYONGYUDAQILIANG、DIWENDU、DINONGDUDEFEIQI。
3、膜分离法
机理介绍:
MOFENLIFADEJIBENYUANLISHIJIYUQITIZHONGGEZUFENTOUGUOMODESUDUBUTONG,GENJUYOUJIZHENGQIHEKONGQITOUGUOMODENENGLIBUTONG,JIANGERZHEFENKAI。
优缺点:
MOFENLIFATOUZIFEIYONGDI、CHANGWENCAOZUO,FENLIXIAOGUOHAO,ERQIEMOFAJINGHUACAOZUOJIANDAN、KONGZHIFANGBIAN、CAOZUODANXINGDA,DANDUIFENLIMOYAOQIUJIAOGAO。
4、直接燃烧法
机理介绍:
ZHIJIERANSHAOFASHIJIANGYOUJIFEIQIYINRURANSHAOSHI,ZHIJIEYUHUOYANJIECHURANSHAO,BAFEIQIZHONGDEKERANCHENGFENRANSHAOFENJIEDEYIZHONGFANGFA。BENFAYOUFENWEIBUJIAFUZHURANLIAOHEJIAFUZHURANLIAOLIANGZHONGRANSHAOLEIXING。RUOFEIQIZHONGKERANWURANWUNONGDUGAO、REZHIDA,JINKAORANSHAOFEIQIJIKEWEICHIRANSHAOWENDU(GAOYU800℃)ZEXUANYONGQIANZHE。FEIQIZHONGKERANWURANWUNONGDUDI、REZHIXIAO,BIXUJIAFUZHURANLIAOCAINENGWEICHIRANSHAOWENDU(600~800℃)ZEXUANZEHOUZHE。
优缺点:
ZHIJIERANSHAOFAGONGYIJIANDAN、TOUZIXIAO;GUANLIRONGYI,WEIHUJIANDAN,KEKAOXINGGAO;DANXUYAODECHULIWENDUGAO,HAOFEIRANLIAODUO,DUIANQUANJISHU、CAOZUOYAOQIUJIAOGAO。
适用条件:
SHIYONGYUGAONONGDU、XIAOFENGLIANGDEFEIQI。
5、催化燃烧法
机理介绍:
YOUJIFEIQIXIANTONGGUOREJIAOHUANQIYUREDAO200~400℃,ZAIJINRURANSHAOSHI,TONGGUOCUIHUAJICHUANGSHI,TANQINGHUAHEWUDEFENZIHEHUNHEQITIZHONGDEYANGFENZIFENBIEBEIXIFUZAICUIHUAJIDEBIAOMIANERHUOHUA。YOUYUBIAOMIANXIFUJIANGDILEFANYINGDEHUOHUANENG,TANQINGHUAHEWUYUYANGFENZIZAIJIAODIDEWENDUXIAXUNSUYANGHUA,CHANSHENGERYANGHUATANHESHUI。
优缺点:
HEZHIJIERANSHAOFAXIANGBI,WENDUDI、JIENENG、JINGHUALVGAO、CAOZUOFANGBIAN。DANSHICUIHUAJIYIZHONGDU、BUNAIGAOWEN,ERQIETOUZIJIAODA。
适用条件:
SHIYONGYUGAOWENHUOGAONONGDUDEYOUJIFEIQI。
6、吸附法
机理介绍:
通过活性炭吸附废气,当吸附饱和后,活性炭脱附再生,是目前我国对工业有机废气使用最多的净化处理技术。目前在有机溶剂回收方面有了新的突破,有机废气可回收再利用。
优缺点:
XIFUFAJUYOUNENGHAODI、GONGYICHENGSHU、QUCHULVGAO、JINGHUACHEDIDENGYOUDIAN?。QUEDIANSHISHEBEIPANGDA,LIUCHENGFUZA,YUNXINGCHENGBENJIAOGAO,BUSHIHEYUSHIDUDADEHUANJING,DANGFEIQIZHONGYOUJIAOLIWUZHIHUOQITAZAZHISHI?,XIFUJIYIZHONGDU。
适用条件:
ZHUYAOYONGYUDINONGDU,GAOTONGLIANGKEHUIFAXINGYOUJIWUDECHULI。DUIBENLEIFEIQIJUYOULIANGHAODEXIFUXINGNENG,DANDUITINGLEIFEIQIXIFUXINGJIAOCHA。
7、吸附-催化燃烧法
机理介绍:
CIFACAIYONGFENGWOZHUANGHUOXINGTANXIFU,ZAIHUOXINGTANJIEJINYINHEHOUYINRUREKONGQIJINXINGTUOFU、JIEXI,TUOFUHOUFEIQIYINRUCUIHUARANSHAOCHUANGWUYANRANSHAO,JIANGQICHEDIJINGHUA。
优缺点:
ZONGHELEXIFUFAJICUIHUARANSHAOFADEYOUDIAN,REQITIZAIXITONGZHONGXUNHUANSHIYONG,DADAJIANGDINENGHAO,JUYOUYUNXINGWENDINGKEKAO、TOUZISHENG、YUNXINGCHENGBENDI、WEIXIUFANGBIANDENGTEDIAN。
适用条件:
SHIYONGYUDAFENGLIANG、DINONGDUDEFEIQIZHILI,SHIMUQIANGUONEIZHILIYOUJIFEIQIJIAOCHENGSHU、SHIYONGDEFANGFA。